@article {156191,
	title = {The enhancement of raman-scattering, resonance raman-scattering, and fluorescence from molecules adsorbed on a rough silver surface},
	journal = {Journal of Chemical Physics},
	volume = {78},
	number = {9},
	year = {1983},
	pages = {5324-5338},
	abstract = {
	The enhancements of normal\&nbsp;Raman scattering,\&nbsp;resonance\&nbsp;Raman scattering,\&nbsp;and\&nbsp;fluorescence\&nbsp;from molecules adsorbed on identical, well-characterized, silver-island films are reported. The enhancement arises from the\&nbsp;electromagnetic interaction\&nbsp;between the molecules and the electronic plasma\&nbsp;resonance\&nbsp;of the\&nbsp;silver\&nbsp;islands. A hierarchy of enhancement ratios is found, with typical values of 105\&nbsp;for RS, 103\&nbsp;for RRS and 10-1\&nbsp;to 10 for\&nbsp;fluorescence,\&nbsp;depending on the quantum yield of the\&nbsp;molecular fluorescence.\&nbsp;A model, developed on heuristic grounds and substantiated using the density matrix formalism, describes the\&nbsp;light scattering\&nbsp;processes and the effects of the plasma\&nbsp;resonance.\&nbsp;This model presents a unified picture of the surface-induced enhancement effects and is consistent with the experimental values. The comparison of all the forms of\&nbsp;optical scattering\&nbsp;leads to a complete determination of the role of the plasma\&nbsp;resonances\&nbsp;in the various portions of the\&nbsp;scattering\&nbsp;process. The excitation of the electronic plasma\&nbsp;resonance\&nbsp;results in an increased local field at the molecules leading to an increased excitation or absorption rate. Similarly, the excitation of the plasma\&nbsp;resonance\&nbsp;by the molecular emission dipole results in an increase in the radiative decay rate. However, the electromagnetic coupling of the molecule to the plasma\&nbsp;resonance\&nbsp;also adds an additional damping channel which can result in a reduction of the absorption or excitation rate as well as the emission yield. The resultant balance of these processes leads to the hierarchy in the measured enhancements. The hierarchy of enhancements is also shown to have important spectroscopic consequences.

},
	url = {https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.445486},
	author = {Weitz, D. A. and Garoff, S. and Gersten, J. I. and Nitzan, A.}
}
