@article {yissachar2017intestinal,
	title = {An Intestinal Organ Culture System Uncovers a Role for the Nervous System in Microbe-Immune Crosstalk},
	journal = {Cell},
	volume = {168},
	number = {6},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {1135{\textendash}1148},
	publisher = {Cell Press},
	abstract = {
	Investigation of host-environment interactions in the gut would benefit from a culture system that maintained tissue architecture yet\&nbsp;allowed tight experimental control. We devised a microfabricated organ culture system that viably preserves the normal multicellular composition of the mouse intestine, with luminal flow to control perturbations (e.g., microbes,\&nbsp;drugs). It enables studying short-term responses of diverse gut components (immune, neuronal, etc.). We focused on the early response to bacteria that induce either Th17 or RORg+\&nbsp;T-regulatory (Treg) cells in\&nbsp;vivo. Transcriptional responses partially reproduced in\&nbsp;vivo signatures, but these microbes elicited diametrically opposite changes in expression of a neuronal-specific gene set, notably nociceptive neuropeptides.\&nbsp;We demonstrated activation of sensory neurons\&nbsp;by microbes, correlating with RORg+\&nbsp;Treg induction. Colonic RORg+\&nbsp;Treg frequencies increased in mice lacking TAC1\&nbsp;neuropeptide precursor and decreased in capsaicin-diet fed mice. Thus, differential engagement of the enteric nervous system\&nbsp;may partake in bifurcating pro- or anti-inflammatory responses to microbes.

},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867417301873?via\%3Dihub},
	author = {Yissachar, Nissan and Zhou, Yan and Ung, Lloyd and Lai, Nicole Y and Mohan, James F and Ehrlicher, Allen and Weitz, David A and Kasper, Dennis L and Chiu, Isaac M and Mathis, Diane and others}
}
